• neurological examination
• ultrasound examinations of neck and cranial vessels
• transcranial Doppler sonography

Ultrasound examination of neck and cranial vessels with colour Doppler sonography is used to provide a non-invasive pictorial determination of any atherosclerotic changes to the inner arterial envelope (build-up of adipose fat and calcium deposits), with subsequent narrowing of the arterial interior. Such deposits can dangerously reduce blood circulation in the brain and other head structures. Examination of neck and cranial vessels are specified for any patient who has suffered transitory ischemic attack or stroke, patients with a high risk of cerebrovascular diseases, patients suspected of blockage due to subclavian steal syndrome, patients where the main symptom is dizziness, patients with degenerative spinal condition suffering from vertigo, unidentified migraine, as well as patients suspected of aneurism aa. Willisy circle and A-V malformation.